We can’t age in reverse like Benjamin Button or drink the spring water found in Tuck Everlasting, but that’s not stopping companies from developing anti-aging products in an attempt to keep people looking young. From antioxidant serums filled with vitamin C to creams that fade dark spots and smooth fine lines, there are countless items for individuals to turn toward in hopes of slowing the aging process. While these rejuvenation products have been around long enough to turn our hair gray, one anti-aging commodity is garnering attention as it struts its way into the limelight: Yes, we’re talking about NAD+ supplements.

Formally known as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+ is a coenzyme within the body that helps cells make energy. NAD+ levels decrease naturally over time — typically starting around young adulthood — and can dip by nearly 50 percent once individuals enter their 40s.

“Decreases in NAD+ have been shown as a feature of aging and may play a role in the process,” says Bryant’s School of Health and Behavioral Sciences’ Director Kirsten Hokeness, Ph.D. “Aging is a complex process but can be linked to the inability of cells to regenerate or repair themselves."

NAD+ also plays a necessary role in DNA repair. For instance, if DNA were damaged by UV light from sun exposure, the DNA can be repaired using cell mechanisms. In cases where DNA is damaged and cannot be repaired, cells stop dividing — which can contribute to visual appearances of aging on the skin, notes Hokeness.

“If the ability of the cell to metabolize or repair damage is decreasing because the availability of the enzyme is decreasing, it makes supplementing NAD+ a target for anti-aging routines,” says Hokeness.

NAD+ supplements help to boost the amount of NAD+ in the body and are receiving praise from prominent figures like Jennifer Aniston and Hailey Bieber. According to World Metrics data, the global anti-aging market — which was valued at $52.5 billion in 2018 — is projected to reach $83.2 billion by 2027; the 2024 market data report also highlighted that the industry is witnessing an increased focus on nutricosmetics and ingestible supplements.

Hokeness notes that NAD+ supplements are regulated post-market — meaning no regulatory body evaluates the contents or safety of supplements before they are sold to consumers.

“Unlike drugs that are developed to treat disease and are scrutinized prior to them going to market, supplements can be sold with little investigation into effectiveness and safety,” Hokeness says, adding that people are starting to take NAD+ supplements in their mid- to late-30s. “If you are considering a supplement, you need to do your homework. You need to read about them, read reviews, and ask your doctor or medical provider their opinion on taking them.”

These supplements are generally considered safe, says Hokeness, and can be taken in pill form or through an IV drip. Common side effects may include headaches, dizziness, and nervousness.

“Like many other supplements there is risk for mild side effects, particularly GI-related issues such as nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. Given their role in cell processes, there could be downstream effects in cell metabolism that we just don’t know about yet,” Hokeness says.

She emphasizes that it’s important to remember that these supplements come in a variety of dosages for different uses. People with liver or kidney issues should avoid NAD+ supplements since these organs are key for metabolism of NAD+ supplements. Additionally, those who are pregnant or breastfeeding should consider not taking them since more research is needed to see if there are any potential harms.

“We would all love to find the proverbial fountain of youth; however, it is important to realize that aging is a complex process that involves cell processes, and it can be impacted by your genes, your lifestyle habits and choices, and things we may not even know about yet,” Hokeness says. “Look at the cost and benefits of taking the supplements and, if you decide to take them, be sure to talk to your medical provider and be in tune with your body. If something seems off, ask about it.”